A New Definition Related to Heart, Kidney and Diabetes: Investigation of “Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Syndrome”

Abstract

Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and chronic renal failure are among the important chronic diseases. Studies provide strong evidence that there may be a relationship between these three diseases. The American Heart Association (AHA) used the term “Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome” (CKM) for the first time in November 2023 to draw attention to this strong relationship. Although the term CKM has recently been added to the literature, its connections have always been emphasized in studies examining the pathophysiology, epidemiology and consequences of these diseases The pathological mechanisms of hyperglycemia associated with diabetes and the detrimental effects of dysregulation in the renin-angiotensin system on the kidney and circulatory systems are well established. Good glycemic control can also preserve heart and kidney health. Although the effects of cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney failure on metabolism are recognized, there is a need for more detailed research into the metabolic mechanisms involved. This review will explain CKM and discuss the mechanisms that are thought to play a role among these three diseases based on the literature.